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William Crawford he ran as a Democratic Republican candidate for Preside .NET of the United States in 1824; his greatest political enemy was John C. Calhoun, who was initially in favor of the protective e tariff, internal improvements, the national bank; he returned to Georgia and was appointed judge of the northern circuit court in 1827 6. Andrew Jackson he was the first President from the West; he was like Too magnifiers, he sought to reduce role of federal government in favor of states rights; he did not like Henry Clays American Sys stem 7. John C. Calhoun -? he served as secretary of war under James Monroe.In the e Election of 1 824, he was elected vice president under John Quince Adams. In the Election of 1 828, he retained the vice preside once, this time under Andrew Jackson 8. Revolution of 1828 balance of power shifting from the East to expanding west. America, until now, had been ruled by educated wee Thy elites -? Federalist shippers and Jeffersonian planters 9. Spoils System the method of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power. President Jackson made more staff changes than any previous president, firing g many people and replacing them with his own 0.Tariff of Abominations In 1828, the United States government increased the prices of their imported goods by as much as 50 percent. South Carolina asserted that these taxes on imports were unfair a s a tax on Southern agriculture for the benefit of Northern industry 1 1 . Denmark Vessel He was a free black slave who lived in the Carolinas and led a slave rebellion in Charleston in 1822. This slave rebellion was part of what led to the anxieties of the South especially in South Carolina. The Missouri Compromise and the slave rebellion caused the South to worry about Federal government interfere CE in slavery 12.South Carolina Exposition Protest It was drafted secretly by Episodes .NET John C. Calhoun, and presented to the states House of Representatives on December 19 by a special committee charged WI the formulating a response to the federal protective tariff passed earlier that year. Although not adopted by the House, 4,000 cop sees of the states rights manifesto were printed and distributed at state expense; it proposed that each state in the union counter the tyranny of the majority by asserting the right to nullify an unconstitutional act of Congress 3.Nullification the streetlights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize e or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress 14. Tariff of 1832 it lowered duties to 35% from about 50%, or the 1824 level ; it fell far short of meeting all of the Southern demands; South Carolina called upon s tate legislature to make necessary mil tarry preparations if President Jackson tried to send troops to enforce this act 15. Tariff of 1833 -? it was authored by Henry Clay, and it was a compromise o n duties; it defused the sectional crisis and set out timetable for staged reductions in import duties that put these taxes on a d onward path until 1 860 16. Force Bill it would allow the President of the United States to enforce a f deader law without permission of Congress; it also gave humanitarian to use the navy to board ships and collect duties before the eye reach S. C. 17.Five Civilized Tribes the Indian nations (the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choc scats, Creeks, and Seminole) that lived in the Southeastern United States until the 1 8205, most of whom were removed to the Indian Territory from 183042; most of them had et up formal governments before removal modeled after the U. S. Government NT 18. Indian Removal Act Congress orders that all indigenous people living in t he southeastern part Of the country be relocated to a newly designated territory west of the Mississippi River 19.Trail of Tears the forcible relocation and movement of Native Americans , including many members of the Cherokee, Creek, Seminole,and Choctaw nations among others in the United States, fro m their homelands to Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma) in the Western United States 20. Bureau of Indian Affairs a division of the Department of the Interior that administers federal programs benefiting Native Americanization. 21 . Black Hawk the leader of a faction of Auk and Fox Indians. Antagonistic to whites settling in his peoples territory, he joined the British in several battles in the War of 1812.In 1 832, he led his pep peel across the Mississippi to resist further white encroachments. The Illinois militia began attacking Black Hawk and his people in 1832, and Black Hawk was taken prisoner the following year. 22. Solaces rose to prominence during the Second Seminole War, where his brilliant guerrilla tactics in the Florida swamps earned him the admiration and respect of the many United States Army office RSI who tried to capture him. Solaces and other Seminole refused to sign the Treaty of Fort Gibson, which would have ceded their Florida homeland.In December 1835, during what became known as the Second Seminole War (183542), Solaces and a baa ND of followers ambushed and killed a government agent, Wiley Thompson, and several others. Army troops arrested him in Cot beer 1837, while under a flag of truce. He was imprisoned, first at Fort Marion in SST. Augustine, Florida, and later at Fort Mom Tire, near Charleston, South Carolina 23. 2nd Bank of the US was the most powerful bank in the country. Its pres dent, Nicholas Fiddle, set policies that controlled the countrys money supply. President Jackson disliked the bank. He thought t had too much power.He felt that the banks policies favored wealthy people and hurt the average person. To operate, the bank needed a charter from the federal government. Its charter was scheduled to expire in 1836. But Fiddle asked Congress to Rene ewe it in 1832. That was an election year. Fiddle thought that Jackson would agree to the renewal and not risk being defeated. But Jackson took the risk. Jackson vetoed Congresss renewal of the banks charter. He said the bank was unconstitutional al. The Supreme Court had ruled that the bank was constitutional. But Jackson claimed that elected officials could judge whether a law was constitutional for themselves.They did not have to rely on the Court. Jacksons opposition to the bank was a major sis uh in the 1832 election. The people agreed with Jackson. After Jackson worn, he set out to destroy the bank. He took federal m none out of the national bank and put it in state banks. As a result, the national bank went out of existence 24. Nicholas Fiddle became president of the Second Bank of the United Stats sees in 1823, vowing to create an actual national currency and to achieve a more enlarged development of its resources and a wider extension of its sphere of usefulness. 25. Bank Charter Searching for an issue to use against Jackson in the preside initial campaign of 1832, Clay forced Jacksons hand on the Bank. Clay convinced Fiddle to apply to Congress for a new chart re, even though the current charter would not expire until 1836. Confident of congressional approval, Clay reasoned that he had Jackson trapped. If Jackson went along with he new charter, Clay could take credit for the measure. If he vetoed it, Clay co old attack Jackson as the enemy of a sound banking system. Clays clever strategy backfired.Jackson turned on him and t he Bank with a vengeance. As he told his heir apparent, The bank, Mr.. Van Burden, is trying to kill me, but I will kill it! Jacks n and his advisers realized that the Bank was vulnerable as a symbol of privileged monopoly, a monstrous institution that d prided common Americans of their right to compete equally for economic advantage. Moreover, many of these advisers were also state bankers and local developers, who caked Jackson precisely because they wanted to be free of federal restraints on their business activities. 26.Bank Veto On July 10, 1832, Jackson vetoed the recharging bill for the B ann. in a message that appealed both to state bankers and to foes Of all banks. He took a ringing stand against all new grants Of monopolies an d exclusive privileges, against any prostitution of our Government to the advancement of the few at the expense of the many. 27. Intimations Party It was based on distrust and dislike of the secretive Freemasons. Outrage reached a fever pitch in the I ate asses and early asses, fueled by the 1826 disappearance of William Morgan, a bricklayer who had written a book about the societys alleged secrets. The Masons were rumored to have murdered him. In 1831, the is party became the first to select its presidential nominee at a national convention, and the first to issue a party platform. Thee r candidate William Writ carried Vermont in 1832 but could not even come close to ousting Andrew Jackson from the presidency y. The party soon died out, and many members became Wigs. 28. Democratic Party Favored local rule, Favored Limited Go Vermont, Favored Free Trade, Favored Equal Economic Opportunity for White Males, Opposed Monopolies, Opposed a National Bank, Opposed High Tariffs, Opposed High Land Prices. 9. Pet banks On September 1 0, 1833, Jackson removed all federal funds from the Second B ann. of the U. S. , redistributing them to these various state banks 30. Specie Circular -? in 1836, Presentations authorized the Treasury to issue a decree that required all public lands to be purchased with hard, or metallic, money. This drastic SST pep slammed the brakes on the speculative boom, a kneecapping change of direction that contributed to a financial panic and CRA h in 1837. 31. Whig Party -Jacksons opponents, fuming at his ironsides exercise of presidential power, condemned him as Ski Eng Andrew l and began to coalesce as this political party-?a name deliberately chosen to recollect gig authenticity British and Revolutionary American opposition to the monarchy. 32. Martin Van Burden He studied law and held various political positions before serving as U. S. Senator, as secretary of state and as vice president. Van Burden suggested a way out of the rift in the Cabinet: he and Se secretary of War Eaton resigned, so that Calhoun men would also resign.